Search results for "Planned economy"
showing 8 items of 8 documents
How Parallel Markets Fueled Chronic Shortage in the Soviet Official Sector
1999
The paper presents a disequilibrium model of a pre-transition centrally planned economy, with explicit description of labour supply to the official sector, as well as illegal economic activities. Under weak assumptions, raising official prices for deficit goods leads to even higher inflation in the shadow sector and increases the labour supply to the official sector. However, aggregate supply does not grow as much as income, and (flow) excess demand in the official sector goes up, while excess demand in the aggregate market remains positive. Simulation results suggest that our assumptions and conclusions are consistent with estimates of monetary overhang obtained (in a different way) by oth…
Evaluation of accounting regulation evolution in selected countries
2018
International audience; Accounting forms a significant part of information on any enterprise and plays the most important role in different levels of enterprise' management as well as in country's. Accounting information is used by various information users, whose decisions may influence various spheres: from performance of enterprises to proceeding the state policy. Its role increased recently under conditions of modern global and competitive market economy, and will be increasing in the future. Importance of accounting information usage highlights the need of appropriate formation of such information. And accounting regulation plays the main role in the process of formation and presentati…
Turning Poland Around The Polish Economy 1990 2009
2011
This article gives a description of the policy pursued by the Polish Government and the National Bank of Poland in the transformation of the Polish economy from a central planning economy to a market economy. There is special focus on the monetary economy, and most focus is laid on the first years of the transformation process.The article also gives a presentation of the development of the main macroeconomic figures for the whole period since the introduction of the new economic system in Poland.
Risk Taking by Banks in the Transition Countries
2007
The banking sectors of the transition countries have progressed remarkably in the last 15 years. In fact, banking in most transition countries has largely shaken off the traumas of the transition era. At the start of the 21st century banks in these countries look very much like banks elsewhere. That is, they are by no means problem free but they are struggling with the same issues as banks in other emerging market countries. There have been a surprisingly large number of studies that have told us about the performance of these banks but we know very little about their risk taking behaviour and how the banking environment influences it.
International Assessment Surveys of Educational Achievement in Developing Countries : Why Education Economists Should Care
2015
International audience; This paper reviews the most known international assessment studies that are conducted in the context of poor countries and highlights the lack of empirical evidence on the degree to which the contents of the tests really match countries' curricula. To illustrate, the paper evaluates the sensitivity of an international testing instrument by comparing the responses of students in two consecutive grades on the same battery of tests. Using propensity score matching to control for student and teacher characteristics, the results show that the tests are not grade sensitive, which raises the question of the validity of many empirical works that are based on similar instrume…
An Interdisciplinary Approach to the Significance of Digital Economy for Competitiveness in Romanian Rural Area Through E-agriculture
2014
Abstract The digital economy is the key factor in the recovery of the EU economy and especially the Romanian economy. Based on its strengths in technology and knowledge, Europe should exploit the full potential of the digital economy. The digital economy offers great opportunities for SMEs in the manufacturing and service sectors. Therefore, an ambitious Digital Agenda, providing concrete steps to complete the online single market will be a key to sustainable economic recovery and social development of Europe. The understanding of what makes them a success or failure, and how much impact they may have in contributing to the wider rural economy is still relatively poorly developed. What is c…
Labor Market Flexibility and Unemployment: New Empirical Evidence of Static and Dynamic Effects
2012
The aim of this paper is to analyze the relationship between labor market flexibility and unemployment outcomes. Using a panel of 97 countries from 1985 to 2008, the results of the paper suggest that improvements in labor market flexibility have a statistically and significant negative impact on unemployment outcomes (over unemployment, youth unemployment, and long-term unemployment). Among the different labor market flexibility indicators analyzed, hiring and firing regulations and hiring costs are found to have the strongest effect.
Politics, Economics and Tourism Development in Egypt: insights into the sectoral transformations of a neo-patrimonial rentier state
2008
This article challenges claims that liberalising state-regulated markets in developing countries may induce lasting economic development. An analysis of the rise of tourism in Egypt during the past three decades suggests that the effects of liberalisation and structural adjustment are constrained by the neo-patrimonial character of the Egyptian political system. Since the decline of oil-rent revenues during the 1980s tourism development has been the optimal strategy to compensate for the resulting fiscal losses. Increasing tourism revenues have helped in coping with macroeconomic imbalances and in avoiding more costly adjustment of traditional economic sectors. Additionally they provided th…